UNDERSTANDING THE PROTOCOL TCP / IP

Protocol (computer) Protocol is a set of rules or standards or allow a relationship, communication, and transfer data between two or more computer points. Protocol can be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of both. At the lowest level, the protocol defines a hardware connection.

Protocol should take precedence on the use of technical standards, to specify how to build a computer or connect the hardware equipment. Protocol generally used in real-time communication in which the standard is used to adjust the structure of information for long-term storage.

It is difficult to generalize the protocol because the protocol has many variations in its use purposes. Most protocols have one or more of the following:
 Detect the presence or absence of a physical connection or a computer or other machine.

 Perform method "shake-hands" (handshaking).
 Negotiation various characteristics of the relationship sour.
 How to initiate and end a message.
 How can the message format is used.
 What to do when there is damage to the message or messages that are not perfect.
 Detecting loss of network connection and the steps that done next
 End of a connection.

Understanding TCP / IP

TCP / IP (stands for Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol) is a data communications standard used by the Internet community in the process of exchanging data from one computer to another computer on the network Internet. This protocol can not stand alone, because this protocol is a set of protocols (protocol suite). This protocol is also the most widely used protocol today. The data are implemented in software (software) in the operating system. The term given to this software is a TCP / IP stack

Protocol TCP / IP was developed in the late 1970s until the early 1980s as a standard protocol for connecting computers and networks to form an extensive network (WAN). TCP / IP is an open networking standard that is independent of physical network transport mechanism used, so it can be used anywhere. This protocol uses a simple addressing scheme known as IP address (IP Address) which allows for up to several hundred million computers to be able to relate to each other on the Internet. This protocol is routable, which means the protocol is suitable for connecting different systems (like Microsoft Windows and UNIX families) to form a heterogeneous network.

TCP / IP protocols are always evolving over time, given the increasing demand for computer networks and the Internet. This development was carried out by several agencies, such as the Internet Society (ISOC), Internet Architecture Board (IAB), and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Various kinds of protocols that run over TCP / IP addressing scheme, and the concept of TCP / IP is defined in documents called Request for Comments (RFC) issued by the IETF.

TCP / IP also has several layers, layers are:
IP (internet protocol) that play a role in transmitting data packets from node to node. IP precedes each data packet based on 4 bytes (for version IPv4) destination address (IP number). Internet authorities created a range of numbers to different organizations. The organization created the group with the number for the department. IP work on gateway machines that move data from department to organization and then to the region and then to the whole world.
TCP (transmission transfer protocol) play a role in improving the delivery of correct data from a client to the server. Data can be lost in the middle of the network. TCP can detect errors or lost data and then conduct retransmissions until the data is received correctly and complete.
Sockets is a name given to the subroutine package that provides access to TCP / IP on most systems.